Research Proposal on Banking Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal on Banking EssayIntroduction Over thirty-five historic period have passed since academics began speculating on the impact that training technology (IT) would have on organizational structure. The debate is subdued on-going, and both(prenominal) exploreers and managers continue to explore the relationship among IT and organizational structure. As organizations need to process more information under these uncertain conditions, IT is one possible way for organizations to increase their information processing capability.We be conducting a research in HBL bank that, how bank increase the number of account holders using profits banking among its Current Account holders. IT has a dramatic put up on both peoples personal and professional lives. IT is also changing the nature of organizations by providing opportunities to make fundamental changes in the way they do business. The technology is changing rapidly, with computing speeds and the numbers of transisto r equivalents available in a given area of a microprocessor chip both doubling in very piddling time.Organizations are acquiring more and more technology systems to assist in everything from manufacturing to the management of information to the provision and improvement of customer service. Harnessing and coordinating this computing mightiness is the ch on the wholeenge. New tools and innovative perspectives with which to examine, interpret, and comprehend these rapidly evolving environments are always needed and sought. Background / Literature View IT is transforming the way that business is conducted.Computers prepare invoices, issue checks, bread and butter track of the movement of stock, and store personnel and payroll records. Word processing and personal computers are changing the patterns of part work, and the spread of information technology is modify the efficiency and competitiveness of business, the structure of the work force, and the overall growth of economic outp ut. Many people believe that the primary driving force behind this information revolution is progress in microelectronic technology, particularly in the development of integrated circuits or chips.Thus, the reason that computing power that mappingd to fill a room and cost $1 million outright stands on a desk and costs $500 or that pocket calculators that used to cost $1000 now cost $10 is that society happens to have benefited from a series of spectacularly successful inventions in the field of electronics. But fewer people understand why the introduction of information technology occurred when it did or took the path that it did, why data processing came before word processing or why computers transformed the office environment before they transformed the factory environment.Because this technology oriented view of the causes of the information revolution offers little guidance to the direction that technological developments have taken thus far, it offers little insight into th e direction that they leave behind take in the next. Electronic banking is one of the first things that come to mind when one thinks about the future of banking. It is generally assumed that electronic banking is new and that it go out re brand or supplement many convey of delivery of retail banking services. The term electronic banking as used here refers to any banking activity accessed by electronic means.It includes Online Banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Automated Call Centers, Digital Cash, Internet Banking, Screen Telephones, E-Utility Bills and so on. These channels of delivery can be used for presenting and paying bills, buying and selling securities, transferring funds, and providing other financial products and services. Electronic banking can be used for retail banking and business-to-business (B2B) transactions, as well as for facilitating large-amount transfers. Equally all valuable(p), electronic banking is a worldwide phenomenon.As the term is used he re, it involves transactions. Web sites that are transactional are considered electronic banking. Electronic banking and the Internet in general are forcing a shift in the way banks and other businesses organize and the way they think of themselves. A shift is taking place from vertical integration to virtual integration. Banks and other financial intermediaries must realize that they are in the financial information industry. The Internet makes it possible to bring both customers and suppliers together to share critical business information.E-banking helps banks relay and show to their clients how good their services are, how many services we are providing and that the services they offer are of punter standards. Through E-banking the company can show the clients that they are better than competitors and can give them satisfaction guaranteed. Statement of the problem The earnings and the different things it can do to uplift business procedures, products and services is a current n ecessity for business. One of internets products is Electronic banking. Electronic banking is a faster way for clients to transact with the banks personnel.Clients can still transact with banks while on the comfort and safety of their homes and Offices. The main purpose of this proposed research is to determine, how we will increase Internet Banking Users among their present Account holders. Theoretical good example Increase Internet Banking Users Quality Products (websites) A Bank Manager observed that, if he provides the better Quality Products (Websites) and Low Bank Charges on Internet-Banking to his Account holders. This will increase the number of Customer of Internet Banking.But it will not affect on those Account holders with less qualification and do not use internet. Qualification of account holder and use of internet Low Bank Charges on Internet Banking Research Objectives This Research intends to find out, If Bank updates its website and gives quality products, idle us e and as well as reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the number of users using Internet Banking among its Account holders. However, harmonise to the literature review, the qualification of account holder is plays an important part in this relationship.Our objective is if we increase quality products and reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the Internet Banking users. Research Question * If we increase quality products and reduce its transaction charges on Internet banking will increase the Internet Banking users or not? * Qualification of customer and use of internet is effect on internet banking users or not? Research Design/Methodology Type of research This research will use the descriptive type of research.Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition and solving the problem. The descriptive approach is quick and more practical financially. Moreover, this method will allow for a flexible approach, thus, when important new issues and questions arise during the duration of the study, a nevertheless investigation may be allowed. The study opted to use this kind of research considering the goal of the study to obtain first hand data so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. Research StrategyFor this research data will be gathered through collating published studies from different books, articles from different cogitate journals and studies, and other literary instruments. Afterwards make a content analysis of the collected documentary and verbal material. The study will then summarize all the necessary information. The study will then make a conclusion based on the said information and provide insightful recommendations on how to break up the said problem. Sample and Sampling Technique The respondents of the research came from the different branches of bank mentioned from Karachi.Due to time constraint and also, for the convenience of the researcher, only hundred (100) respondents were considered for the study. The convenience taste technique was imposed in the study to pick up the hundred respondents, mainly because the availability of the respondents from the different branches was considered. This part of the study is important because the most important data needed to fulfill the objectives and aims of this study will only be supplied by the respondents from the Branches of HBL bank Karachi. Primary and secondary data collectionThe primary root of data will come from a survey using questionnaire and interviews that will be conducted by the researcher. The primary data frequently gives the detailed definitions of terms and statistical units used in the survey. These are usually broken down into finer classifications. The secondary source of data will come from research through the internet books, journals, related studies and other sources of information. Acquiring secondary data are m ore convenient to use because they are already condensed and organized.Moreover, analysis and interpretation are do more easily. Validation of the instrument For validation purposes, the researcher pre-tested a sample of the set survey questionnaires. This was done by conducting an initial survey to at to the lowest degree five respondents from the different banks from Karachi. After the respondents answered, the researchers then asked them to cite the parts of the questionnaire that needs improvement. The researcher even asked for suggestions and corrections from the respondents to ensure that the survey-questionnaire is effective.Automatically, these five respondents were not included as respondents for the study. Data analysis Data gathered will be analyzed through frequency distributions. These will give way to reviewing the data categories and the number of referrals in each category. The data acquired will be analyzed according to the different categories and importance. The information that will be gathered and analyzed will be important to achieve the objectives desired by the study.

Informative Speech Essay Example for Free

Informative Speech EssayShay McNeals Secret Plot To Save The Tsar states that, On July 17, 1918, the Tsar, his wife, and their quaternary daughters and ailing heir were lead down to a basement in Ekaterinburg, Russia, and murdered in cold blood by a Bolshevik firing squad. The DNA analysis and assignment of the bones were the conclusive proof the world was waiting for, and the case was con placementred closed. But is that the real theme of the Romanovs?Good afternoon. Im Abby Cuenca and Ill share to you directly the controversy in regards to the possible escape of Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanov to the Philippines from the 1918 execution. I testament also discuss the evidences presented such(prenominal) as her similar picture with Czarina Alexandra Romanov, synchronal name, grandeur childhood and how she landed in the Pearl of the Orient Seas.Last May 2012, the Philippine Daily Inquirer published an article wherein a wench c eached Catherine is expressing the possibility that her grandmother could be The Anastasia of Russia. She wrote this article in search of her grandmamas, her nickname for her grandmother, lineage because she was intrigued ever since she was a child about her past. One thing is explicit Catherines grandmama is Russian but the rest of her story about whom she really is still a mystery to be unfold. At the end of my speech, I will be handing out some pictures and the copy of the article around for you to look at.Catherines journey of self-discovery started when she traveled to St. Petersburg on May 2009 to trace her Russian grow and to hopefully reunite with her grandmothers relatives when her mom mentioned the similarities between Czarina Alexandra Romanov and her grandmamma through the photographs Catherine emailed to her. For this reason, Catherine was able to piece together the information of what could be a story begging to be told.To begin with, Catherines grandmamas name is Tasia, a diminutive for Anastasia, which happens to be similar to one of the Czars daughter, Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanov of Russia. Second, her operate name was Kazzuhina, or so how they say and spell it because no one in the family can pronounce it duty. But suspiciously, Kazzuhina is similar Knyazhna, which comes from Grand Duchess Russian name, Velikaya Knyazhna Anastasiya Nikolayevna Romanova that operator Duchess.So if Catherine is saying the truth, then how did the Duchess end up in the Philippines? Grandmama Tasia said she was 18 when she arrived in the Philippines after escaping the Bolshevik Revolution when it escalated in 1918. She disembarked in a Philippine port and brought to a monastery or orphanage somewhere in Manila, where nuns looked after her for some time until she met Catherines grandfather, Lope Pelayo.Furthermore, grandmama shared in her stories that she was the youngest of four daughters, and the fifth and youngest child of the family was the only boy, Alexei. She also mentioned on how they lived in a house surrounded by massive walls covered with jewels and enjoy the freshest butter, breads and cheeses because they were made right in their own house and how she rode around in a golden carriage drawn by eight white horses whenever she and her family traveled and that whenever Catherine and her siblings protested on how it all seemed a bit extravagant, she merely smiled and said that it was how they did things back then.But whats really intriguing is that, Tasia refuses to go out even to the supermarket or church and keeps on rejecting Catherines incessant pleas of writing to the Russian embassy about locating their Russian relatives. She forever and a day replies in a stern tone of warning If they discover I am here, we will all be killed. What does this imply?The Romanov case will never be closed despite what some experts say. There will always be theories and stories that circulate and compel people about the truth behind what happened on the dawn of July 17, 1918. Catherin es grandmamas story showing compelling evidences such as her name, similar faces, grandeur childhood and arrival to the Philippines is only a part of it. Remember, there will always be two sides of the story. The question is, which side do you believe on?

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and In need spoken languageDirect and In compute SpeechCartoon StripEurekaPhonicaEurekaPhonicaEurekaDo you k promptly that what has been utter can be recountd in two ways transport public lecture and verifying talking to?Direct diction means the take away words that w are been spoken. Indirect dustup means what is verbalise is stated in our waste words, so it differs somewhat from what was in right utter.When the speech changes from direct to indirect, the distort, mortal and adverb whitethorn change.Indirect speech is presented in the form of an assertive article of faith. Four kinds of sentences argon presented in direct speech assertive, interrogative, com valetkindds and requests and exclamatory.The account verbs also change, depending on the kind of sentence.Launch PadIn this chapter, we shall learnhow to interchange direct and indirect speechTaking OffNote to TeacherAs direct and indirect speech has al skimy been taught prepare flash instrument pa nels with a sentence in direct speech on one side and the same sentence in indirect speech on the other side. usage 1) Baiju verbalise, I am going home. 2) Baiju said that he was going out.Divide the class into pairs and provide 2 flash cards to each group.Student A will read out the sentence in direct speech to student B.Student B will change the speech.Student A will turn the card over and check whether the sentence is oppose. If it is correct, Student B will news report one point.Each pair can exchange their cards with other pairs and score more points.Tell them that we can state what has been said in two ways direct speech and indirect speech.We can state what people gull said in two ways.We can state the exact words that were spoken. This is known as direct speech Example Happy birth twenty-four hours, Ronita said the children. wherefore do you wish to consult me? asked the lawyer. Give me an explanation right now, demanded her father. I will have to set out tomorrow , said Marco Polo.OrWe can state what was said in our own words. This is known as indirect speech or describe speech. ExampleThe children greeted Ronita on her birthday.The lawyer wanted to know wherefore I wished to consult him.Her father demanded an explanation right then.Marco Polo said that he would have to set out the attached day.Direct Speech Points to NoteThe exact words of the speaker are bunsd within double inverted commas. A comma is placed immediately before the quoted words.Depending on the kind of sentence the end mark is a full stop, a question mark or a mark of exclamation.The first word within quotation tag begins with a capital letter.Assertive SentencesRead the following sentencesRam said, I am reading this book.Ram said that he was reading that book. interchanges take place in the person ( I changes to he), tense (am reading changes to was reading) and adverb (this changes to that) when the speech changes from direct to indirect.said to changes to t honest- to-goodness. ExampleHe said to his infant, You can buy the gift.He t sure-enough(a) his sister that she could buy the gift.If a universal truth is stated in direct speech, the tense does non change in report speech. ExampleShe said, Honey is sweet.She said that honey is sweet.If the account verb is in the present tense in indirect speech, the reported speech is also in the present tense. ExampleHe judges, The old house seems to be haunted.He says that the old house seems to be haunted.If the verb in direct speech is in the simple historical tense, the verb in reported speech also rebrinys in the simple past tense. ExampleShe said, I went home.She said that she went home.If the verb in direct speech is in the past tense and the sequence of action is book of factsed, the verb changes to past perfect tense in reported speech. ExampleShe said, I went home at midnight.She said that she had gone home at midnight.Changes in adverbs are as followsDirect speechIndirect speechnow thenheretherethisthatthesethoseagobeforethusso immediatelythat dayyesterdaythe day before/ the anterior daytomorrowthe following(a)/ following daytonightthat nightlast weekthe previous week/ the week beforeheretherenext weekthe following weekInfo OrbitWhen an assertive sentence changes from direct to indirect there are changes in the person, tense and adverb.The comma after said is replaced with that.said to changes to told.If a universal truth is stated in reported speech the tense does not changeIf the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense in reported speech does not change.If the past tense is used in the reported speech in direct speech, it will remain unchanged in indirect speech.If the past tense is used in reported speech in direct speech and the time of the action is mentioned, the simple past tense will change to past perfect tensePractice PulsarsI. Change from direct to indirect speech thither is no need to leave tonight, she said to her friend.He said, The solarise is shining brightly.She said to her father, I know you are angry with me.The scientist said, They will conduct experiments in this laboratory.The princess said to the minister, We have to reach a decision tomorrow.The teacher said to the class, All of you are aware that the hide out moves round the sun.Every morning my father says, It is a new day and I am thankful to be alive.Mother said , Today may be a very hot day .He said to me, I am reminding you that time and tide wait for none.The coach said, At this time, next week, the result of the match will be declared.II. Change from indirect to directThe captain told his men that they must not underestimate the enemy.Taruna said that she had no idea how the accident had taken place the previous evening.Usri told the children that all that glitters is not silver.Ginny said that long, long ago there was a continent called Atlantis.Raman said that the following day he would mould down with them and make a plan.The m ilkman told the lady that the milk was watery as the cow had drunk a lot of water that morning.She says that fifteen minutes of meditation every morning keeps her calm for the rest of the day.Mrs Das told her neighbour that she had gone to Kolkata two years before.Vinita said that those photographs were more precious than gold to her.Old Mrs Vincent was of the opinion that a house was better than a flat.Interrogative sentencesWhen questions are changed to reported speech, the word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence. ExampleKaran said, When will the match begin?Karan asked when the match would begin.The reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know and so on ExampleSavita said, Where is prick?Savita asked where Peter was. or Savita inquired where Peter was.Damien said to Rahul, Are you absolutely sure?Damien wanted to know if Rahul was absolutely sure. or Damien inquired of Rahul if he was absolutely sure.Flash tip 1. sa id changes to asked or inquired. said to changes to asked or inquired of. 2. enquired/ enquired of may be used instead of inquired/inquired of.If the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb. ExampleRama said, foot I use that pen?Rama asked if she could use that pen.If the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by question words like when, what, which, where and how. ExampleRama said, When did this happen?Rama asked when it happened.There are changes in the person, tense and adverbs just like in the assertive sentences.Info OrbitWhen questions are changed to reported speech, the word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence.The reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know etc.If the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb.If the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by ques tion words like when, what, which, where and how.Practice PulsarIII. Change the speechDamini said, Can you explain the sum now?Rajiv asked Poonam, What are these stacks of paper for? retain you enjoyed yourselves today? said the instructor.Minu inquired, Tom, why are you packing your bag? The children said, Will you take us to the zoo next week?He said, How much further do we have to travel?She asked whether they were ready to go for a walk that evening.Shyam asked me why I was laughing so much.Fanny wanted to know who lived in the old house on the hill.The headman asked if anyone had worked for that company a year back.The detective enquired of the witness if he had seen the man in the photograph.Akhilesh wished to know how many of his classmates would go for a picnic.Commands and RequestsRead the given sentences1.She said, Please tie your seat belt.She communicate me to tie my seatbelt.2. She said, Buy the necessities before the sun sets.She ordered him to buy the necessi ties before the sun set.3. She said, Let us organise a party.She suggested that they should organise a party.The reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.The main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech. tie in sentence 1 changes to to tie, and buy in sentence 2 changes to to buy.Even when the person who is being communicate is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech. Example He said, Please sit down.He requested her to sit down.When the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech. In sentence 3 organise changes to should organise.Info OrbitThe reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.The main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech.Even when the person who is being addressed is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech.When the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech.Practice PulsarIV. Change the speech Keep the vase on the table, Sima, she said. Make sure that you have enough water, the guide said. Please do not make so much noise, said the official to the visitors. Let us clean the compound, said the monitor. Switch off the fans and lights before you leave, he said. Kindly contribute generously, said the child at the door.She ordered the children to cross the road cautiously.They requested us to wait for a few hours before lodging a complaint.The man told us to take a right turn to reach the bakery.We suggested to the old people that they should visit the orphanage once a week.The officer ordered the men to take up their positions.He requested her to take off her apparel outside the temple.Exclamations and Exclamatory SentencesRead the given sentencesHe said, Alas I have lost everything.He exclaimed in sorrow that he h ad lost everything.The reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.The emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech. So Alas is replaced by exclaimed in sorrow.She said, How hot the day isShe exclaimed that the day was very hot.When an exclamatory sentence in direct speech begins with How or What, it is usually replaced with very in reported speech.Info OrbitThe reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.The emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech.Practice PulsarV. Change the speechHe said, Hurrah I have won the lottery.She said, What a pretty little girl you areThe lady said, What a fool I have beenHe said, Oh This is the best car I have seen. He said, O God Forgive me for what I have done.The teacher congratulated him, saying that he had done very well.Wendy exclaimed that the bed was very comfortable.Madan excla imed in joy that he was free at last.The jackal exclaimed that the crow had a very sweet voice.Ms Parekh exclaimed in grief that her brother was responsible for his own downfall.Ellen exclaimed that the weather was very chilly.Brendan exclaimed that it was a great pity that they had missed the show.Word ZoomerReported Speech Indirect speech is also known as reported speech. When direct speech changes to reported speech usually the first and second person change to the third person, the present tense changes to the past tense and the adverbs show nearness in time and position are replaced by adverbs that show distance in time and position.Direct Speech The words that are actually said. These are placed within quotation marks.Reporting verb The verb that introduces direct speech or reported speech. For e.g. said, exclaimed, asked, whispered, requested and commanded.Touch DownWhen assertive sentences in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthere are changes in the person, te nse and adverb.the comma after said is replaced with that.said to changes to told.if a universal truth is stated in reported speech the tense does not changeif the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense in reported speech does not change.if the past tense is used in the reported speech in direct speech, it will remain unchanged in indirect speech.if the past tense is used in reported speech in direct speech and the time of the action is mentioned, the simple past tense will change to past perfect tenseWhen interrogative sentences in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthe word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence.the reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know etc.if the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb.if the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by question words like when, what, which, where and how.When requests and c ommands in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthe reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.the main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech.even when the person who is being addressed is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech.when the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech.When exclamations and exclamatory sentences are changed to indirect speechthe reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.the emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech. Flash tip The shortest letters are said to have been exchanged between Victor Hugo and his publisher. When Les Miserables was released Victor Hugo wanted to know if it was well-received or not, so he sent a letter to his publisher with only ? written on it. The publishers response also c onsisted of a single punctuation mark Star mouldI. Each of the following sentences contains an error. Correct the sentences.Rani said to Praveen that she would go over to his house that day.Brinda said that it was almost ten o clock now.She asked that if the bakers boy had delivered the bread.Sandeep said that the earth was round.Mohan said, Sandeep you are absolutely right.Deepa said, How cute the puppies look.Anand said You can leave the room now. Do not look so sad, said my friend.II. Read the intercourse given below and fill in the blanksAkramNibhaAkramNibhaAkramNibhaWhy are you looking so worried?My father has been transferred to a new place.Dont you want to go with him?I do, but I shall miss all my friends.What a lucky girl you are You will be seeing a new place and reservation new friends.I am feeling much better. Thank you.Akram asked Nibha (1) .. Nibha replied that her father (2)..Akram then inquired if (3) . with him. Nibha said that she did, but (4) Akram exclaime d that (5) . because she would be seeing (6) Nibha thanked him because (7) ..Comet ExerciseChoose the correct alternativeShalini and Malini were twins. One day, while taking a walk Shalini said, I dont think (1. we have taken the right racecourse / we had taking the right path/ we had taken the right path).Malini looked around and found nothing wrong. Why had Shalini made such a comment? She felt that her sister (2. has made a err /had made a mistake /is making a mistake.)Shalini pointed to a tree. (3.What do you have to say about it? / What did she have to say about it?/ What did you have to say about it? ) Malini (4.asked/exclaimed/ told) that it was (5. a very huge tree/ very huge trees/ a huge tree).Shalini sighed, You lack observation powers. We walk here every day. Have you seen it before?Malini answered, No, I have not. ( 6.I think we took a wrong turning / I am thinking we took a wrong turning/ I have thought we took a wrong turning) near the bazaar.Shalini (7.asked/ requested/ exclaimed) an old man (8. if he can help them / if he could help them / whether he could helps them).The old man guided them back and (9. advised/ commanded/ requested) them to be careful in future.Shalini and Malini assured him that (10. yes/ they would be more careful/ they will be more careful).

Visual Cortex Involvement in Memory

Visual Cortex Involvement in MemoryIs optical cerebral cortex involved in stock?Essay cause Option 1 REVIEW OPTIONLpez-Aranda et al. 2009. Role of Layer 6 of V2 Visual Cortex in Object-Recognition Memory, Science 325, 87http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574389Cattaneo et al., 2009. Contrasting early opthalmic cortical activation states casually involved in visual realizery and short term reminiscencehttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788574Though a lot of discipline enters the brain, retentivity does non occur for all of it, and it is considered to be a selective process. One of these retentions is short term memory board, also known as working memory. In vision, working memory is interpreted as the maintenance of a whole object, instead of the components of the objects image orientation, texture, etc. ( tiptop, 2003).Memory retention and formation is typically associated with increased activity in mammalian prefrontal and parietal cortex, with little evidence for acti vity in centripetal areas, beyond of the initial sensory stimulation (Pasternak and Greenlee, 2005). The Multiple Memory Systems is a widely accepted view that sustains that the brain is divided into sections in respect of their own specific function. In this interpretation, the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) has a division in memory, particularly in explicit memory function, and includes structures such as the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, and perirhinal cortex, in addition to the prefrontal cortex (Bussey and Saksida, 2007).However, recent findings substantiate suggested a role of sensory cortex in memory processing increased brain activity in visual cortex has been found during the short-term retention of visual information subsequently stimulus presentation (Kldy and Sigala, 2004). It therefore has been more common to say that visual cortex role goes beyond encoding sensory information and also participates in memory consolidation.This essay reviews tw ain papers in which evidence of the role of visual cortex in memory consolidation is presented by the use of different techniques 1) Cellular techniques as protein overexpression and immunocytochemistry (Lpez-Aranda et al., 2009) and 2) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (Cattaneo et al., 2009)Role of Layer 6 of V2 Visual Cortex in Object-Recognition MemoryUsing dirty dogs as a model, Lpez-Aranda et al. (2009) tried to elucidate the specific role of layer 6 in V2, in regards to memory processing and retention. To do this, they utilised two methodologies in a paired-sample experiment (same aggroup tested on two different occasions). One addressed the problem by analysing the overexpression of a certain G-protein regulator (RGS-14) in layer 6 of V2, that acted as a protease, and which permitted rats do better in Object recognition memory (ORM) tests. ORM tests consisted on evaluating the exploration time afterward an object was presented for 3 minutes, and presented over again aft er a delay head of 30 minutes, 45 minutes or 60 minutes. Rats could recognise the object after 30 or 45 minutes had passed, but failed to do it after the 60 min delay. A group of these rats was then injected with a lentivirus coupled with the RGS-14 agent into layer 6 of V2, at 2/3 of V2 (dorsal to layer 6 of V2), at CA1 and at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus ( two ventral to layer 6 of V2). This permitted the overexpression of RGS-14 at those sites. Rats were ORM tested again 3 weeks after the injection was done. What was found was that rats improved in their ORM tests when they were injected exactly at layer 6 of V2, whereas the rest of the rat groups (injected at other sites), did non show any difference in performance, and their activity was similar to that of the initial non-injected rats. The layer 6 injected rats were ORM tested again, to see how untold retention they could support, showing up to 6 object retention (in comparison to the 2 object retention non-inject ed rats showed), and increasing its retention time to about 24 weeks. They then proceeded to make immunocytochemistry analysis to localize protein expression, which showed that RGS-14 was primarily being expressed at layer 6 of V2.The other methodology used focused on presenting the result of layer 6 of V2 destruction, by the injection of Ox7-SAP into this layer in non-injected rats and RGS-14 injected rats, and later doing the ORM test to both groups. Non-injected rats showed an increased reduction in retention time, not being able to perform equally as they did when layer 6 of V2 was not ablated. RGS-14 lentivirus injected rats also showed a reduction in their ORM test performance. A group of rats, both injected or non-injected, were tested again, only that before having layer 6 of V2 ablated by Ox7-SAP an object was presented for three minutes. Rat performance was not cut down when ORM test was done with object that was previously presented, but did showed reduction when the OR M was done with a new object, presented after layer 6 removal.The results showed an involvement of layer 6 of V2 in memory trace, though not storage. It is not explicitly said if the RGS-14 G protein regulator is naturally expressed in layer 6 of V2. As far as the obtained results, it is possible to say that RGS-14 could act as treatment option for short memory disorders or impairments, though more trials are maybe needed.Contrasting early visual cortical activation states casually involved in visual imagery and short term memoryWith the use of Transcranial charismatic Stimulation (TMS), Cattaneo et al., (2009) evaluated the role of early visual areas in memory and visual imagery. They essentially established two similar experiments involving two tasks, the imagery task and the memory task, in subjects who were either undergoing occipital TMS (over V1/V2), Vertex TMS (as a control) or No TMS.In the imagery task of the first experiment, subjects had to create a mental image of somet hing. It consisted on presenting a black loony toons in the middle of a white screen, followed by a series of digits (that represented an hour, e.g. 10.10, 6.50, etc.), for about 1000 ms. because this digits disappeared and a black circle showed up. Subjects were then asked to imagine the clock manpower in the position that would describe the digits they had just seen. After a 2 plump for period passed, a single pulse of TMS was applied, depending on the condition previously defined for them. Next, a black dot was shown ( indoors the black circle) and subjects were asked to tell if this dot had appeared inside or outside the area the clock hands were supposed to be, by either pressing 1 or 2 on a keyboard for either inside or outside the area.In the memory task in the same experiment, subjects also had to fix their eyes at a black dot in the white screen. Then, the clock hands (describing an hour) inside a circle appeared for about 1000 ms. When this period had passed, the hands disappeared but the circle remained, and subjects were asked to continue on thinking on the clock hands for about 2 s. TMS was applied at the end of this 2 s (retention) period, in the same mode as in the imagery task. A block then appeared inside the circle and subjects were asked to describe whether the dot was inside or outside the area the clock hands formed.By doing ANOVA, they found no relevant differences between the pissed detection accuracies between TMS conditions occipital TMS, Vertex TMS and No TMS, in both imagery and memory tasks. However, the implicate reaction times did show relevant differences between those conditions, in both tasks. A Post hoc comparison showed that performance was better in the Occipital TMS than when condition were Vertex TMS or no TMS. There was also no significant variation when the analysis was done between Vertex TMS and no TMS. test two was fairly similar to the one described above. It also involved a memory and imagery task, with the on ly difference being when was TMS applied at the beginning of the 2 s period after subjects had seen the digits and were asked to imagine the clock hands inside the circle, for the imagery task, and at the beginning of the 2 s period when they were asked to continue on thinking on the clock hands, for the memory task. By performing ANOVA they found no significant difference between conditions for the mean detection accuracies and reaction time, in the imagery task. Conversely, in the memory task, ANOVA showed a relevant effect in mean detection accuracy and mean time, as well as the Post hoc analysis showed occipital TMS had an effect in comparison to the other conditions, both of which was impairment in performance.DiscussionMTL structures have been presented as the major components in perception and working memory, and it is seen as a domain where ORM is thought to be processed (Kldy and Sigala, 2004).Lpez-Aranda et al, (2009) results of the role of layer 6 neurons in the formation of both normal (short-term) and long-term ORM highlight the importance of V2, an area placed outside of MTL. Not much is known about the protein overexpressed at V2, RGS-14. It is integrated by a Regulators of G protein Signaling domain, as well as by a motif that permit its binding to inactive gross domestic product and by a tandem Rap1/2binding domain. Acting as a GTPase activating protein, the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This allows the G alpha fractional monetary units to bind subunit heterodimers, and eventually ending a signal (NCBI, 2013). It would be interesting to know what made the authors determine to test this protein in that specific layer of V2, as it is not fully stated in the article, and because RGS14 was found to be expressed naturally/primarily in CA2 hippocampal neurons and to show memory obstruction when expressed in mice (Lee et al., 2010). by chance differences between species (as both studies were done with model animals rats and mice) are more relevant than thought, and should be taken in account before making any definite conclusion or investigate of how the signaling process occurs and affects a cognitive behavior, such as memory.However, findings involving TMS analysis in humans by decrease of activity, as the one presented by Cattaneo et al. (2009), in which there was a noted decrease in subject performance in the memory task when TMS was applied in the beginning of the retention period at V1/V2, indicate that memory of visual information involves activity in early visual cortex that goes further than the periods of sensory perception. In early visual cortex, memory of visual content is topographically organized. These results are possibly due to less vulnerability to interference after the retention period, and a possible interaction with higher order areas activity with visual cortex activity (van de Ven and Sack, 2013).The previous results can be paired with Harrison and Tong (2009) results, wer e they used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI), in conjunction to Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) analysis, to monitor cortical activity while participants did a detain orientation discrimination task, where 2 gratings were shown to the subjects, followed by a cue that indicated which grating to remember (first or second) and an 11 s period (delay period). Then the grating was showed again and subjects had to say if the image was rotated in a sense or antisense (clockwise) matter. They examined the role of visual areas in working memory through different experiments fMRI decoding was specifically used to evaluate the patterns in brain activity, in areas corresponding to V1 to V4 (to the 120 most responsive voxels) to try to predict its representation in working memory. The accuracy of predicted orientation that was held in memory reached 83%, which is considered to be very high, one of the experiments where subjects had to fix its eye to a letter, and not the gratin g, showed high prediction to those gratings in areas V1, V2 and V3. Ultimately, their findings suggest that memory related information may be encoded in these structures (showing increased activity in areas V1/V2) and that early visual areas can befuddle up information, not only displaying sensory processing functions.Different approaches can be taken to evaluate visual cortex relation with memory, as the ones reviewed in this essay TMS, protein overexpression, fMRI among others. Evidence that sensory cortical areas are an active element of the circuitry that underlies short term retention of sensory signals is emerging and improving our thought of memory. It can be concluded that not only the MTL is important for visual memory processing, but also early visual cortex and evidence of what is hazard at the cellular level needs to be improved in order to eventually delimit its potential in cognitive treatments.ReferencesBussey TJ, Saksida LM (2007) Memory, perception, and the vent ral visual-perirhinal-hippocampal stream thinking outside of the boxes. Hippocampus 17898-908.Cattaneo Z, Vecchi T, Pascual-Leone A, Silvanto J (2009) Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in visual imagery and short-term memory. The European journal of neuroscience 301393-1400.Harrison SA, Tong F (2009) Decoding reveals the contents of visual working memory in early visual areas. disposition 458632-635.Kaldy Z, Sigala N (2004) The neural mechanisms of object working memory what is where in the infant brain? Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 28113-121.Lee SE, Simons SB, Heldt SA, Zhao M, Schroeder JP, Vellano CP, Cowan DP, Ramineni S, Yates CK, Feng Y, Smith Y, Sweatt JD, Weinshenker D, Ressler KJ, Dudek SM, Hepler JR (2010) RGS14 is a natural suppressor of both synaptic plasticity in CA2 neurons and hippocampal-based learning and memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 10716994-16998.Lopez-Aranda MF, Lopez-Tellez JF, Navarro-Lobato I, Masmudi-Martin M, Gutierrez A, Khan ZU (2009) Role of layer 6 of V2 visual cortex in object-recognition memory. Science 32587-89.NCBI (2013) RGS14 regulator of G-protein signaling 14 Homo sapiens (human) . In. USA.Pasternak T, Greenlee MW (2005) Working memory in primate sensory systems. Nature reviews Neuroscience 697-107.Super H (2003) Working memory in the primary visual cortex. Archives of neurology 60809-812.van de Ven V, Sack AT (2013) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex in memory cortical state, interference and reactivation of visual content in memory. Behavioural brain research 23667-77.

A portfolio of working in business

A portfolio of working in line of descentIn this portfolio, I get out conjecture on what I remove learnt and scrams while I am undertaking BSB124, which is Working in Business. I pull up stakes also look at the landing field that I would like to improve. I will do this in three sections. First section is approximately intrapersonal effectiveness and The whopping Five lay will be explore and discuss how it assist me for my future c atomic number 18er. Second section is interpersonal effectiveness, Belbins Self-Perception Inventory (1981) and holiday resortRK will be discussed. The last section is about organizational effectiveness and networking and mentoring will be discussed. In these three sections, I will explore my own strength and weaknesses.2. Intrapersonal effectiveness2.1 The Big Five Model (NEO IPIP)Personalities at work atomic number 18 like cars in the city They often stooge keep us from our destination. Pierce J. Howard, The Owners Manual for character at Wor k, 2001.Personality assessment is important in a variety of ways, from education to our future work. Psychologists contain found a lot of methods which we can found on the net profit or any other places to classify our personality dimension however, The Big Five Model (BFI) is the one stands out as the most statistically robust. The Big Five Model has five factors which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability (or neuroticism) and bareness to experience (Costa McCrae, 1992). Extraversion characterizes bulk who are outgoing, talkative, sociable and assertive agreeableness characterizes people who are courteous, good-natured, empathic and caring conscientiousness characterized people who are careful, dependable and self-disciplined neuroticism characterized people who are anxious, hostile and depressed and lastly openness to experience characterized people who are imaginative, creative, curious and sensitive (McShane, 2010, p.51). This research is very important to me because I aim to work as a hairdresser by and by I graduate from QUT and the Big Five Model can serve me to have a better understanding of my own personality and therefore can improve my weaknesses.From the result that I get from the Big Five Model, as refers to the appendix 1, it has shows that I am low neuroticism, agreeableness and openness to experience. This has mean that I am calm, appetite for new ideas and can easily accommodate the wishes and needs of others but I will easily get bored for everything and easily oblivious(predicate) of problem. I personally think that the result is fairly accurate because as what I had experience at the past in BSB124, I found that I can easily accommodate my classify members when we have meeting, for example, anytime will do for me to meet them to discuss the assignment we have, however, I will easily felt bored when we met up and will easily unaware some of the problem that my root members have.Therefore, fro m the Big Five Model, I can explore my intrapersonal strength and weaknesses and this will help in my future work which is hairdresser. From the result I get from the Big Five Model, agreeableness and openness to experience are my intrapersonal strength because as a hairdresser, you must be creative enough to design the hair style and you must also accommodate to your company culture. In fact, non only hairdresser requires agreeableness, most of the jobs also require you to have this personality. However, low neuroticism is my intrapersonal weaknesses. Why? This is because it has a big impact to my future career of hairdresser. As a hairdresser, it requires you to forever aware the problem that the customers have. But, according to Costa McCrae (1999), low neuroticism means that insensitive or unaware of problems. This is a big issue because if I am unaware what the customers problem, then I would not be able to become a professional hairdresser. Therefore, I aim to improve the w eakness that I have to ensure that I can prepare my career goals.How am I going to improve my weakness which is low neuroticism? In our next root wording assignment, I will try to pay more attention to my group members and see whether they need help or not. I will spare no effort to help them. This is one of the opportunities that I can improve my neuroticism. Another opportunity is keep a diary to see whether my weakness got improve or not.3. Interpersonal effectiveness3.1 Belbins Self-Perception InventoryFirstly, what is a squad? A team is a group of people who work together interdependently to accomplish a goals. therefore, what form a good team? According to Belbins self-perception inventory (BTRSPI), a good team must include several important mixes which are envisiont, resource investigator, co-coordinator, shaper, monitoring device evaluator, team worker, completer finisher and implementer. These can identifies which roles are you in and therefore you can use the infor mation to know your contribution and weakness.From the result that I get from the BTRSPI, as refers to the appendix 2, it shows that team worker is the best respondent team role for me and resource investigator is the second highest scores which mean that it can be have-to doe with as my back-up team roles. The strength of team worker is about helping individual members to achieve and maintain team effectiveness, however, team worker always irresoluteness at piece of crisis. While the strength of resource investigator is exploring new resources, but it liable(predicate) to lose interest once the initial fascination has passed. The results are somehow accurate but do have a petite bit inaccurate. By comparing the result to the previous section, they actually have a little bit of relevance. For example, from the previous section, the result from the Big Five Model shows that I will easily get bored for everything and resource investigator is liable to lose interest. This is very a ccurate because I do easily get bored and lose interest once the initial fascination has passed. The reason I feel that this is a little bit inaccurate is because from my opinion, I am not good at helping individual members to achieve and maintain team effectiveness as what team worker state. Therefore, what I think is either this is my strength that I havent discovered yet or the result is a little bit inaccurate.3.2 lightingAccording to SPARK (2010, para.2) group projects arent fair is a frequent student response in higher education. What is SPARK? SPARK (self and equal assessment resource kit) is a tools that enables students to rate their own and their peers contributions. It will then automatically produce two factors which are the self and peer assessment (SPA) and the self assessment to peer assessment (SAPA). According to Spark (2010, para.7), SPA is a weighing factor determined by both the self and peer grade of a students contribution while SAPA is about the ratio of a students own rating of themselves compared to the average rating of their contribution by their peers.My overall SPA is 0.91 and my SAPA is 0.99. 0.91 of SPA is very low which mean that I did not contribute well in my group. This may due to because I did not aware the problem and mayhap because I am English second dustup (ESL) students, therefore they gave me some easy job to do and thus I did not contribute oftentimes to the group. As my SAPA score is 0.99, it is slightly lower than 1, but still consider that I rated myself fairly accurate compared to the average rating that I received from my group members. Even though my SPA is low, but the feedbacks from my peers are still positive. For example, Good energy good to work with shows that I can easily accommodate to my group (this result is accurate by compared it to section 2.1) Huey was organized and cooperative throughout the group process. Even though English was not his first language, he successfully communicated ideas and gave a confident oral presentation which effectively conveyed his efforts in developing our presentations recommendations. (Once again, this had shows that agreeableness is my intrapersonal strength.)In my group, most of my group members came from other country, for instance, England, Malaysia and etc. Therefore, we all got a very different cultural background. However, since most of them are good in English, only I am the only one who is English second language (ESL) student, the problems occur when we need to discuss something and provide some new idea because I am poor at communicate by using English. Luckily, my group members are awesome. They help me a lot to finish up the part that I need to do. Therefore, I personally rate them all on SPARK higher than me.I have learnt a lot from the group. One thing that I have learnt from this group is respect. Why I say so? This is because they neer discriminate against me even though I am ESL student and they respect me and will ask me what my opinion or ask me to decide something. However, according to Belbins model, I am poor at indecisiveness at moment of crisis. Therefore, most of the times I just ask them to decide. Thus, I learnt respect in this experience and I found that I need to improve my weakness (that is deciding on something and improve my English). As our group is multicultural group, this experience will help me for my career goals because as a hairdresser, you will come across with any type of customer and team members. Thus, I aim to improve my weakness to develop my career goals.4. Organisational effectiveness4.1 Networking and MentoringWhat is networking? It is actually a system that sharing information and services among individuals or groups. Then why is networking important to everyone? According to Tamowska Singleton (2010), networking can be key to both personal and professional growth, but you have to be diligent about keeping in touch with your contacts and sharing information. There ar e four types of networking style, which are the loner, the socialiser, the user and the detergent builder. The loner likes to do most things by themselves but they will not worry about other. The socialiser always tries to flip friend with everyone they meet but they are not a good comprehender. The user tends to be collecting the business cards but they will not contact them again while the builder always listens and learns from other people carefully.According to Singleton, Networking is worth Millions. As I am first year business student, I did not have much experience about networking. Therefore, I aim to increase my networking experience by joining the student associations such as Business Advantage at QUT. Thus, I can build up a network with students, colleagues and also professionals before I graduate. What I will do is then keep in touch with them (not like user who just collect the business cards but didnt contact anymore but is the builder who will keep in touch with th em and listen to them). This will affect my career as previous stated because as the builder, what am I sound out to do is always listen to the customer and learn new stuff from other people because customer like the hairdresser listen to them. When the hairdresser listen to the customer, they build a network between them and therefore the customer will go back to find the hairdresser again. That why networking is so important for my career.Then what is mentoring? According to Dessler, Griffiths Lloyd-Walker (2004), mentoring involves linking a more experienced member of staff with a less experienced member of staff to enable sharing of experience, fellowship and skills. Mentoring is a very powerful tool that we can share our skills and knowledge to each other, for example, as what I experience in BSB124, my tutor share her experience and her knowledge to me. Mentoring also important for my career because when I graduate and looking for a job, let say I am junior hairdresser, the n I will need to find an experience senior hairdresser to share their experience to me therefore I can do the job better. To get mentoring success, I plan to meet my mentor at least every week to share our new knowledge or skills or experience.5. ConclusionAs the conclusion, I have reflected on what I have learnt and experiences while I am undertaking BSB124. In section 2 which is intrapersonal effectiveness, I aim to increase my neuroticism and I had plan on how to improve it. In section 3 which is interpersonal effectiveness, the Belbins model had stated me that I am always indecisiveness at moment of crisis. Therefore I also aim to improve the weakness that I had explored in section 3. Finally, in section 4, I would like to be the builder and I do have some plan to build up my network.

How to get in the Music Industry :: essays research papers

trade Secret 1To be successful, it doesnt subject area how good of a musician you are, all that matters is how well you market yourselfDont get me wrong, being good is important to get repeat bookings and referrals. further when you are getting a customer for the first time, all that matters is how well you fag market yourself. If you cant market yourself, being a dandy musician isnt worth a damnMarketing Secret 2Your marketing and advertising must be completely accountable and measurable. allow me simplify, if you run an ad for $100, you should know (down to the penny) the exact profit or loss of your ad. This personal manner, youll know which ads are successful, and which should be dumped like a bad date. If your marketing isnt measurable, youll waste far more money than youll ever make. Take a moment and look at the ads you see in newspapers, magazines, television, etc How many of them can be accurately measured? Thats right none Marketing Secret 3Develop a strong lead co ntemporaries campaign.Lead generation is the most important part of your music business. You see, if you dont yield a constant and consistent stream of highly qualified prospects coming to you You wont be successful. This is one of the most important things that you MUST do to be successful. By using tiny display ads and lead generation letters, you can create a consistent stream of white-hot, qualified prospects. Marketing Secret 4Create a multi-step direct marketing campaign.You cant ship out a crumby brochure one time and expect a gigantic stampede of response. Thats not how it works The easiest and most efficient way to convert prospects to customers is by sending a sequence of perfectly timed and well written letters. This requires almost no work at all, and produces enormous results.Marketing Secret 5Create multiple streams of income.There are a ton of professional musicians making a ton of money because of this secret. For you to be abysmally successful as a professional mu sician, you must have other ways to make money in addition to performing. This doesnt mean that you have a daytime job or you wait tables on the side It means that you have something to sell to your customers and/or other musicians.

Harbor Seals Essay example -- Animals Sea Wildlife Descriptive Essays

nourish Seals Harbor seals are marine mammals that throw off spotted coats in a variety of shades from silver gray, black to dark brown. They reach 5 to 6 feet in length and weigh up to 300 pounds. Harbor seals are dimorphic, with the male being slightly larger than the female. They are true, or crawling seals, which means they switch no external earflaps. True seals also have small flippers, and move on stain by flopping along on their bellies. They breathe at the surface and hold their breath while diving. They can immerse to 1,500 feet for up to 40 minutes, although their reasonable dive lasts 3 to 7 minutes. Their scientific name basically means sea calf or sea dog. This nickname is fits them well, as these seals closely resemble a dog when their head is viewed at the surface of the water.When the harbor seal pup (baby seal) is born, it has a coat that closely resembles the adult coat. about have a longer, softer white or gray coat (lanugo) when born, but they shed that co at within about 10 days.Harbor seals are found across the Federal Hemisphere in both the Atlantic and peace-loving Oceans. In the northeast Pacific, they range from Alaska to Baja California, in Mexico. They live near-shore coastal waters and frequent sandy beaches, mudflats, bays, and estuaries. Some harbor seals even live in certain areas of Europe such as Finland.The total harbor seal population in the northeast Pacific is estimated to be 330,000, in California the estimated population was 40,000, and in Europe the estimated population was 6,000 in 1997.Harbor seals spend about half their time on land and half in water, and they sometimes sleep in water. They may sleep most of the day on the beach to keep safe from the predators that hunt them, and go into the water only a couple of times each day to hunt for food. Harbor seals don?t have a permanent brand to live but they usually are found in small groups, but sometimes occur in numbers of up to 100 to 500. Their average life span is around 25 years, although some have lived for over 30 years. However, males noticem to live shorter lives, probably because of the added physical stress of fighting during brotherhood season.The Harbor Seal is both a predator and a prey. They are very vital in the food chain. Seals eat a lot of slant and prevent over population, and they are a great source of food to animals such as orca whales, great... ... high tolerance to carbon dioxide in the tissues, they have the ability to store large amounts of oxygen in the muscle tissues, and they have the ability to make their lungs collapse when air is expelled before they dive, which helps to prevent the bends. To help see in dark and murky waters, the seals have special adapted eyes that make them able to see in such conditions. To guard against very frosty water temperatures, harbor seals maintain a thick layer of fat beneath their skin, giving them a thick sausage shape. To make the harbor seals little noticeable to p redators, their coats sometimes blend in with the rocks or sand they?re lying in. To help them find food easier, they have a keen smell out of smell. Without these adaptations, who knows if the Harbor Seal would still exist today.Works Cited*Hanan, D. (1999). Pacific Harbor Seals. Alolkoy Publishing Co. PP 12-59. *King, J. (1983). Seals of the World. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. PP 20-26.*Internet Sea World web site.www.seaworld.org/animal_bytes/harborsealab.html April 20, 2001*Internet The oceanic Mammal Center web site.www.tmmc.org/harborsl.htm April 20, 2001