Advise UK Commodities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advise UK Commodities - Assignment Example One issue that arises under the incoterms is the CIF1. This term refers to the Cost Insurance Freight. In this case, the issue of CIF Southampton arises, and this involves the costs, and Insurance Freights of delivering the products to Southampton. In CIF, the seller insures the products during the course of transportation and delivery. FOB Southampton on the hand denotes that the buyer will have to bear all the risks, and costs associated with the transportation of the goods once the goods pass through the ships rail. In this case, UK commodities contracted Dutch grains, to supplier 45,000 bags of wheat, in March. The supplier had to ship them directly to Southampton, from Rotterdam. As shippers, the company arranged to transport the cargo and the goods were at the port by 25th of March. However, the ship delayed till the 2nd of April and despite this, the ship master issued the goods with a clean bill of lading without checking. The ship used another route that of Calais, instead o f that of Rotterdam. The result of this breach of the contractual agreement was that the price of wheat fell, and a large quantity of wheat under transit was damaged. Dutch Grains breached the contract in the following ways, 1. Did not transport the commodities at the required time. Section 29 of the 1979 sale of goods act outlines the rules concerning the delivery of a product or goods. Section 29 part 1 of the sale of goods act denotes that it is the stipulations of the contract to determine who will transport the goods to the buyer’s premises. Section 29, part 3 of the act denotes that the seller must send the goods to the buyer, at within the agreed time, and if the time period is not agreed, the seller must send the goods to the buyer within a reasonable time, and this time must depend on the matter of facts. Section 13 of the 1979 Sale of Goods act denotes that a buyer can refuse to accept the goods if they do not meet the description contained in the contractual agreem ent2, and this also includes the time when the goods are supposed to be delivered. In our case above, the carrier hired by Dutch grains did not transport the grains within a reasonable time, because they were to transport it on March, and they failed. They also used a longer route that contributed to the delay in delivery of the wheat. On this basis, they breached the provisions contained in section 29 parts 3 of the 1979 sale of goods act. Section 29 part 5 of the act denotes that if this is breached, the contract can be rendered void3, and thus the buyer can refuse to accept the goods. 2. Did not supply the goods in the right quality. Another breach by the carriers is that they supplied the wheat products when they were already damaged. Section 35 part 2 of the 1979 sales act denotes that a buyer who has never examined the goods under consideration has not accepted the goods until he has examined them in order to ascertain if the goods are in accordance to the agreements stipulate d in the contract. Subsection (b) of part 2 denotes that if the sale of the goods is by sample, the buyer must ascertain that quality of the goods under consideration, matches the quality of the sample. In our case above, a large proportion of the wheat were damaged4. On this basis, the buyer can reject the goods under consideration. This argument is reinforced by the provisions contained in Section 35A part 1(a) which denotes that the buyer has a right to reject goods brought to him by a seller, if he breaches the contractual agreement. Part (b) of the same section denotes that a buyer can reject some of the goods that have breached his contractual obligation with the seller. In our case abov

Explain why rising prices do not necesssarily mean declining living Essay

Explain why rising prices do not necesssarily mean declining living standards - Essay Example Some people are intended to spend loads of money and they also easily can do. In the last we will see how rise in prices affect the living standards.2 Before going into the depth of the topic we will discuss concepts of income in detail. It can be defined as the income of the individuals or people after adjusting for inflation. It can be measured by subtracting the inflation from the nominal income. Mathematically it can be written as: Real income is a more useful indicator of well-being; it is based on the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the income. It involves real variables as real income, real GDP and real interest rates. These real variables can be measured in physical units (standards of measurements of physical quantities). Nominal Income is the income that has not been adjusted against inflation and decreasing buying power. It involves nominal variables as nominal income, nominal GDP and nominal interest rates. These nominal variables are calculated in monetary units (Each Country uses a Monetary Unit of some kind some may use more than one depending on the position and nature of the economy). Although real variables and nominal variables are different with each other and they are influenced by each other. Both are separate in nature and use. Labor is a calculation of the work done by human beings. It is usually contrasted with such other factors of production as land and capital. There are some theories created on this concept called human capital. This refers to the skills those workers own). Other theory is Macro-Economics system theory that thinks human capital opposition in terms. It is defined as a sustained raise in general price levels for some set of goods and services in a given financial system over a period of time. It is measured as the percentage rate of change of a price index. There are so many inflation measures in use as there are different