Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and In need spoken languageDirect and In compute SpeechCartoon StripEurekaPhonicaEurekaPhonicaEurekaDo you k promptly that what has been utter can be recountd in two ways transport public lecture and verifying talking to?Direct diction means the take away words that w are been spoken. Indirect dustup means what is verbalise is stated in our waste words, so it differs somewhat from what was in right utter.When the speech changes from direct to indirect, the distort, mortal and adverb whitethorn change.Indirect speech is presented in the form of an assertive article of faith. Four kinds of sentences argon presented in direct speech assertive, interrogative, com valetkindds and requests and exclamatory.The account verbs also change, depending on the kind of sentence.Launch PadIn this chapter, we shall learnhow to interchange direct and indirect speechTaking OffNote to TeacherAs direct and indirect speech has al skimy been taught prepare flash instrument pa nels with a sentence in direct speech on one side and the same sentence in indirect speech on the other side. usage 1) Baiju verbalise, I am going home. 2) Baiju said that he was going out.Divide the class into pairs and provide 2 flash cards to each group.Student A will read out the sentence in direct speech to student B.Student B will change the speech.Student A will turn the card over and check whether the sentence is oppose. If it is correct, Student B will news report one point.Each pair can exchange their cards with other pairs and score more points.Tell them that we can state what has been said in two ways direct speech and indirect speech.We can state what people gull said in two ways.We can state the exact words that were spoken. This is known as direct speech Example Happy birth twenty-four hours, Ronita said the children. wherefore do you wish to consult me? asked the lawyer. Give me an explanation right now, demanded her father. I will have to set out tomorrow , said Marco Polo.OrWe can state what was said in our own words. This is known as indirect speech or describe speech. ExampleThe children greeted Ronita on her birthday.The lawyer wanted to know wherefore I wished to consult him.Her father demanded an explanation right then.Marco Polo said that he would have to set out the attached day.Direct Speech Points to NoteThe exact words of the speaker are bunsd within double inverted commas. A comma is placed immediately before the quoted words.Depending on the kind of sentence the end mark is a full stop, a question mark or a mark of exclamation.The first word within quotation tag begins with a capital letter.Assertive SentencesRead the following sentencesRam said, I am reading this book.Ram said that he was reading that book. interchanges take place in the person ( I changes to he), tense (am reading changes to was reading) and adverb (this changes to that) when the speech changes from direct to indirect.said to changes to t honest- to-goodness. ExampleHe said to his infant, You can buy the gift.He t sure-enough(a) his sister that she could buy the gift.If a universal truth is stated in direct speech, the tense does non change in report speech. ExampleShe said, Honey is sweet.She said that honey is sweet.If the account verb is in the present tense in indirect speech, the reported speech is also in the present tense. ExampleHe judges, The old house seems to be haunted.He says that the old house seems to be haunted.If the verb in direct speech is in the simple historical tense, the verb in reported speech also rebrinys in the simple past tense. ExampleShe said, I went home.She said that she went home.If the verb in direct speech is in the past tense and the sequence of action is book of factsed, the verb changes to past perfect tense in reported speech. ExampleShe said, I went home at midnight.She said that she had gone home at midnight.Changes in adverbs are as followsDirect speechIndirect speechnow thenheretherethisthatthesethoseagobeforethusso immediatelythat dayyesterdaythe day before/ the anterior daytomorrowthe following(a)/ following daytonightthat nightlast weekthe previous week/ the week beforeheretherenext weekthe following weekInfo OrbitWhen an assertive sentence changes from direct to indirect there are changes in the person, tense and adverb.The comma after said is replaced with that.said to changes to told.If a universal truth is stated in reported speech the tense does not changeIf the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense in reported speech does not change.If the past tense is used in the reported speech in direct speech, it will remain unchanged in indirect speech.If the past tense is used in reported speech in direct speech and the time of the action is mentioned, the simple past tense will change to past perfect tensePractice PulsarsI. Change from direct to indirect speech thither is no need to leave tonight, she said to her friend.He said, The solarise is shining brightly.She said to her father, I know you are angry with me.The scientist said, They will conduct experiments in this laboratory.The princess said to the minister, We have to reach a decision tomorrow.The teacher said to the class, All of you are aware that the hide out moves round the sun.Every morning my father says, It is a new day and I am thankful to be alive.Mother said , Today may be a very hot day .He said to me, I am reminding you that time and tide wait for none.The coach said, At this time, next week, the result of the match will be declared.II. Change from indirect to directThe captain told his men that they must not underestimate the enemy.Taruna said that she had no idea how the accident had taken place the previous evening.Usri told the children that all that glitters is not silver.Ginny said that long, long ago there was a continent called Atlantis.Raman said that the following day he would mould down with them and make a plan.The m ilkman told the lady that the milk was watery as the cow had drunk a lot of water that morning.She says that fifteen minutes of meditation every morning keeps her calm for the rest of the day.Mrs Das told her neighbour that she had gone to Kolkata two years before.Vinita said that those photographs were more precious than gold to her.Old Mrs Vincent was of the opinion that a house was better than a flat.Interrogative sentencesWhen questions are changed to reported speech, the word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence. ExampleKaran said, When will the match begin?Karan asked when the match would begin.The reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know and so on ExampleSavita said, Where is prick?Savita asked where Peter was. or Savita inquired where Peter was.Damien said to Rahul, Are you absolutely sure?Damien wanted to know if Rahul was absolutely sure. or Damien inquired of Rahul if he was absolutely sure.Flash tip 1. sa id changes to asked or inquired. said to changes to asked or inquired of. 2. enquired/ enquired of may be used instead of inquired/inquired of.If the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb. ExampleRama said, foot I use that pen?Rama asked if she could use that pen.If the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by question words like when, what, which, where and how. ExampleRama said, When did this happen?Rama asked when it happened.There are changes in the person, tense and adverbs just like in the assertive sentences.Info OrbitWhen questions are changed to reported speech, the word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence.The reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know etc.If the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb.If the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by ques tion words like when, what, which, where and how.Practice PulsarIII. Change the speechDamini said, Can you explain the sum now?Rajiv asked Poonam, What are these stacks of paper for? retain you enjoyed yourselves today? said the instructor.Minu inquired, Tom, why are you packing your bag? The children said, Will you take us to the zoo next week?He said, How much further do we have to travel?She asked whether they were ready to go for a walk that evening.Shyam asked me why I was laughing so much.Fanny wanted to know who lived in the old house on the hill.The headman asked if anyone had worked for that company a year back.The detective enquired of the witness if he had seen the man in the photograph.Akhilesh wished to know how many of his classmates would go for a picnic.Commands and RequestsRead the given sentences1.She said, Please tie your seat belt.She communicate me to tie my seatbelt.2. She said, Buy the necessities before the sun sets.She ordered him to buy the necessi ties before the sun set.3. She said, Let us organise a party.She suggested that they should organise a party.The reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.The main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech. tie in sentence 1 changes to to tie, and buy in sentence 2 changes to to buy.Even when the person who is being communicate is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech. Example He said, Please sit down.He requested her to sit down.When the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech. In sentence 3 organise changes to should organise.Info OrbitThe reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.The main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech.Even when the person who is being addressed is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech.When the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech.Practice PulsarIV. Change the speech Keep the vase on the table, Sima, she said. Make sure that you have enough water, the guide said. Please do not make so much noise, said the official to the visitors. Let us clean the compound, said the monitor. Switch off the fans and lights before you leave, he said. Kindly contribute generously, said the child at the door.She ordered the children to cross the road cautiously.They requested us to wait for a few hours before lodging a complaint.The man told us to take a right turn to reach the bakery.We suggested to the old people that they should visit the orphanage once a week.The officer ordered the men to take up their positions.He requested her to take off her apparel outside the temple.Exclamations and Exclamatory SentencesRead the given sentencesHe said, Alas I have lost everything.He exclaimed in sorrow that he h ad lost everything.The reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.The emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech. So Alas is replaced by exclaimed in sorrow.She said, How hot the day isShe exclaimed that the day was very hot.When an exclamatory sentence in direct speech begins with How or What, it is usually replaced with very in reported speech.Info OrbitThe reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.The emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech.Practice PulsarV. Change the speechHe said, Hurrah I have won the lottery.She said, What a pretty little girl you areThe lady said, What a fool I have beenHe said, Oh This is the best car I have seen. He said, O God Forgive me for what I have done.The teacher congratulated him, saying that he had done very well.Wendy exclaimed that the bed was very comfortable.Madan excla imed in joy that he was free at last.The jackal exclaimed that the crow had a very sweet voice.Ms Parekh exclaimed in grief that her brother was responsible for his own downfall.Ellen exclaimed that the weather was very chilly.Brendan exclaimed that it was a great pity that they had missed the show.Word ZoomerReported Speech Indirect speech is also known as reported speech. When direct speech changes to reported speech usually the first and second person change to the third person, the present tense changes to the past tense and the adverbs show nearness in time and position are replaced by adverbs that show distance in time and position.Direct Speech The words that are actually said. These are placed within quotation marks.Reporting verb The verb that introduces direct speech or reported speech. For e.g. said, exclaimed, asked, whispered, requested and commanded.Touch DownWhen assertive sentences in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthere are changes in the person, te nse and adverb.the comma after said is replaced with that.said to changes to told.if a universal truth is stated in reported speech the tense does not changeif the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense in reported speech does not change.if the past tense is used in the reported speech in direct speech, it will remain unchanged in indirect speech.if the past tense is used in reported speech in direct speech and the time of the action is mentioned, the simple past tense will change to past perfect tenseWhen interrogative sentences in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthe word order becomes the same as that of an assertive sentence.the reporting verb in reported speech is asked, inquired or inquired of, wanted to know etc.if the question can be answered with yes or no, if or whether follows the reporting verb.if the question cannot be answered with yes or no, the reporting verb is followed by question words like when, what, which, where and how.When requests and c ommands in direct speech are changed to indirect speechthe reporting verb is requested, told, asked, suggested etc.the main verb in direct speech changes to an infinitive in indirect speech.even when the person who is being addressed is not mentioned in direct speech, we have to mention the person in indirect speech.when the direct speech begins with let, the reporting verb changes to suggested and the main verb is preceded by should in reported speech.When exclamations and exclamatory sentences are changed to indirect speechthe reporting verb said in direct speech changes to exclaimed in reported speech.the emotion that is expressed by the exclamation in direct speech is stated in reported speech. Flash tip The shortest letters are said to have been exchanged between Victor Hugo and his publisher. When Les Miserables was released Victor Hugo wanted to know if it was well-received or not, so he sent a letter to his publisher with only ? written on it. The publishers response also c onsisted of a single punctuation mark Star mouldI. Each of the following sentences contains an error. Correct the sentences.Rani said to Praveen that she would go over to his house that day.Brinda said that it was almost ten o clock now.She asked that if the bakers boy had delivered the bread.Sandeep said that the earth was round.Mohan said, Sandeep you are absolutely right.Deepa said, How cute the puppies look.Anand said You can leave the room now. Do not look so sad, said my friend.II. Read the intercourse given below and fill in the blanksAkramNibhaAkramNibhaAkramNibhaWhy are you looking so worried?My father has been transferred to a new place.Dont you want to go with him?I do, but I shall miss all my friends.What a lucky girl you are You will be seeing a new place and reservation new friends.I am feeling much better. Thank you.Akram asked Nibha (1) .. Nibha replied that her father (2)..Akram then inquired if (3) . with him. Nibha said that she did, but (4) Akram exclaime d that (5) . because she would be seeing (6) Nibha thanked him because (7) ..Comet ExerciseChoose the correct alternativeShalini and Malini were twins. One day, while taking a walk Shalini said, I dont think (1. we have taken the right racecourse / we had taking the right path/ we had taken the right path).Malini looked around and found nothing wrong. Why had Shalini made such a comment? She felt that her sister (2. has made a err /had made a mistake /is making a mistake.)Shalini pointed to a tree. (3.What do you have to say about it? / What did she have to say about it?/ What did you have to say about it? ) Malini (4.asked/exclaimed/ told) that it was (5. a very huge tree/ very huge trees/ a huge tree).Shalini sighed, You lack observation powers. We walk here every day. Have you seen it before?Malini answered, No, I have not. ( 6.I think we took a wrong turning / I am thinking we took a wrong turning/ I have thought we took a wrong turning) near the bazaar.Shalini (7.asked/ requested/ exclaimed) an old man (8. if he can help them / if he could help them / whether he could helps them).The old man guided them back and (9. advised/ commanded/ requested) them to be careful in future.Shalini and Malini assured him that (10. yes/ they would be more careful/ they will be more careful).